As the population ages and the prevalence of heart failure increases, cardiologists and geriatricians can expect to see more elderly patients with heart failure in their everyday practice. As far as we can go back in history, there have always been clocks, pocket watches and wristwatches with Roman numerals on the dials. Checklist for Care of the Geriatric Patient With HF validated in a variety of populations of older adults with HF(54,61).

Truth about Neighbours star Troy Beckwith's death at age 48 as family announce there will be no funeral: 'He fought a tough battle. If you suspect a loved one has signs of Alzheimer’s or other types of dementia, it's important to seek a diagnosis from a qualified physician.One variation of the test is to provide the person with a blank piece of paper and ask them to draw a clock showing 10 minutes after 11. Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome, approximately 1000BC, and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages, long after the decline of the Roman Empire. Pharmacologic therapy remains the cornerstone of heart failure management and has improved long-term mortality. Patients with cognitive impairment tended to be older as compared to those without cognitive impairment (mean age = 81 vs 76 years, p = NS). While sundials had become obsolete with the advent of watchmaking, the number IIII might have been used just for the sake of tradition.

Advanced therapies have provided more options for end-stage heart failure, though its use is still limited in older patients. Verbal command is the one I just mentioned where the person is asked to draw a clock and set the time. The decline of Roman numerals coincides with the decline of Latin and the emergence of the Renaissance.com does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment; or legal, or financial or any other professional services advice.