Zhang G, el Nahas AM. The effect of rhubarb extract on experimental renal fibrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996; 11:186–190. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027039. [ PubMed] [ CrossRef] [ Google Scholar] Cortadellas O, del Palacio MJ F, Talavera J, Bayón A: Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in dogs with spontaneous chronic kidney disease at different stages of severity. J Vet Intern Med. 2010, 24: 73-79. 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0415.x. Astragalus is thought to be an antioxidant but Holisticat states that astragalus should only be used short term in cats..

Zhang G, el Nahas AM: The effect of rhubarb extract on experimental renal fibrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996, 11: 186-190. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027039. Return the bottle upright and remove the oral dosing syringe by gently twisting it out of the adapter cap. Close the adapter cap.

Renal failure in cats and dogs

Zatelli A, Pierantozzi M, D’Ippolito P, Bigliati M, Zini E: Effect of dietary supplements in reducing probability of death for uremic crises in dogs affected by chronic kidney disease (masked RCCT). Sci World J. 2012, 2012: 219082- Chronic renal insufficiency (kidney failure) is a common problem in older cats and dogs. Kidney failure means that the kidneys are unable to carry out their proper function, filtering blood and excreting waste products in the urine. Virbac Pronefra A unique combination of 4ingredients corresponding to 3properties: limits the availability of phosphate, binds uraemic toxins, helps maintain normal kidney architecture and helps to maintain balanced blood pressure Pronefra is a unique liquid suspension to help support the normal function and health of kidneys in cats and dogs.

Lulich JP, Osborne CA, O’Brien RD, Polzin DJ: Feline renal failure: Questions, answers, questions. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian. 1992, 14: 127-153. Wang H, Li J, Yu L, Zhao Y, Ding W: Antifibrotic effect of the Chinese herbs, Astragalus mongholicus and Angelica sinensis, in a rat model of chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis. Life Sci. 2004, 74: 1645-1658. 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.08.036. Virbac Pronefra is also suitable for cats. Have a look at our dosage information below to find out which size is right for your pet. The power of PronefraZatelli A, Pierantozzi M, D’Ippolito P, Bigliati M, Zini E. Effect of dietary supplements in reducing probability of death for uremic crises in dogs affected by chronic kidney disease (masked RCCT) Sci World J. 2012; 2012:219082. [ PMC free article] [ PubMed] [ Google Scholar] Calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate decrease dietary availability of phosphorus by intestinal binding. Fish protein hydrolysate is also found in Astro's Protein Powder, though I am not sure whether Pronefra contains enough to make a difference. Virbac Pronefra is a tasty oral mixture based on the combined effects of five specific ingredients (calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, chitosan and marine oligopeptides).