Go long posed a daunting challenge to computer programmers, putting forward "difficult decision-making tasks, an intractable search space, and an optimal solution so complex it appears infeasible to directly approximate using a policy or value function". [135] Prior to 2015, [135] the best Go programs only managed to reach amateur dan level. [136] On smaller 9×9 and 13x13 boards, computer programs fared better, and were able to compare to professional players. Many in the field of artificial intelligence consider Go to require more elements that mimic human thought than chess. [137] A finished beginner's game on a 13×13 board

Go is influenced by C (especially the Plan 9 dialect [47] [ failed verification– see discussion]), but with an emphasis on greater simplicity and safety. It consists of: Cut: Keeping opposing stones disconnected means that the opponent needs to defend and make living shape for more groups. Two general types of scoring system are used, and players determine which to use before play. Both systems almost always give the same winner. I have already used the name for *MY* programming language · Issue #9 · golang/go". GitHub . Retrieved 2019-07-04.Connection: Keeping one's own stones connected means that fewer groups need to make living shape, and one has fewer groups to defend. The Go standard library uses interfaces to provide genericity in several places, including the input/output system that is based on the concepts of Reader and Writer. [70] :282–283

In the opening of the game, players usually play and gain territory in the corners of the board first, as the presence of two edges makes it easier for them to surround territory and establish their stones. [70] From a secure position in a corner, it is possible to lay claim to more territory by extending along the side of the board. [71] The opening is the most theoretically difficult part of the game and takes a large proportion of professional players' thinking time. [72] [73] The first stone played at a corner of the board is generally placed on the third or fourth line from the edge. Players tend to play on or near the 4–4 star point during the opening. Playing nearer to the edge does not produce enough territory to be efficient, and playing further from the edge does not safely secure the territory. [74] There are many computing products and services named Go. In the 11 months since our release, there has been minimal confusion of the two languages." [145] Criticism [ edit ]

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Gophercises gives you hands-on experience with the Go language by building beginner to advanced-level projects.

Go 1.5 Release Notes" . Retrieved January 28, 2016. The compiler and runtime are now implemented in Go and assembler, without C. a b "Issue 9 - go— I have already used the name for *MY* programming language". Github. Google Inc. Retrieved October 12, 2010. Almost all other information about how the game is played is a heuristic, meaning it is learned information about how the game is played, rather than a rule. Other rules are specialized, as they come about through different rulesets, but the above two rules cover almost all of any played game. Go was publicly announced in November 2009, [27] and version 1.0 was released in March 2012. [28] [29] Go is widely used in production at Google [30] and in many other organizations and open-source projects.

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The Ing and New Zealand rules do not have this rule, [55] and there a player might destroy one of its own groups (commit suicide). This play would only be useful in limited sets of situations involving a small interior space or planning. [56] In the example at right, it may be useful as a ko threat.

In April 2018, the original logo was replaced with a stylized GO slanting right with trailing streamlines. (The Gopher mascot remained the same. [34]) This Go language crash course explains all the fundamentals of Golang. Brad Traversy covers all the basic knowledge you need to advance your Go language skills in just 90 minutes. Go programming language is easy to learn and it's one of the most popular programming languages out there right now. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) - The Go Programming Language". golang.org . Retrieved February 26, 2016. Optional concise variable declaration and initialization through type inference ( x := 0 instead of var x int = 0 ; or var x = 0 ;)Is Go an object-oriented language?" . Retrieved April 13, 2019. Although Go has types and methods and allows an object-oriented style of programming, there is no type hierarchy. a b Donovan, Alan A. A.; Kernighan, Brian W. (2016). The Go programming language. Addison-Wesley professional computing series. New York, Munich: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-13-419044-0. The Go language has built-in facilities, as well as library support, for writing concurrent programs. Concurrency refers not only to CPU parallelism, but also to asynchrony: letting slow operations like a database or network read run while the program does other work, as is common in event-based servers. [90] Despite its widespread popularity in East Asia, Go has been slow to spread to the rest of the world. Although there are some mentions of the game in western literature from the 16th century forward, Go did not start to become popular in the West until the end of the 19th century, when German scientist Oskar Korschelt wrote a treatise on the game. [92] By the early 20th century, Go had spread throughout the German and Austro-Hungarian empires. In 1905, Edward Lasker learned the game while in Berlin. When he moved to New York, Lasker founded the New York Go Club together with (amongst others) Arthur Smith, who had learned of the game in Japan while touring the East and had published the book The Game of Go in 1908. [93] Lasker's book Go and Go-moku (1934) helped spread the game throughout the U.S., [93] and in 1935, the American Go Association was formed. Two years later, in 1937, the German Go Association was founded. There is an exception to the requirement that a group must have two eyes to be alive, a situation called seki (or mutual life). Where different colored groups are adjacent and share liberties, the situation may reach a position when neither player wants to move first because doing so would allow the opponent to capture; in such situations therefore both players' stones remain on the board (in seki). Neither player receives any points for those groups, but at least those groups themselves remain living, as opposed to being captured. [d]