Dahal, S., Kim, T. & Ahn, K. Indirect prediction of welding fume diffusion inside a room using computational fluid dynamics. Atmosphere 7, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7060074 (2016). Ennan, A. A., Kiro, S. A., Oprya, M. V. & Vishnyakov, V. I. Particle size distribution of welding fume and its dependency on conditions of shielded metal arc welding. Journal of Aerosol Science 64, 103–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2013.06.006 (2013).

Kobayashi, M., Maki, S., Hashimoto, Y. & Saga, T. Some considerations about the formation mechanism of welding fumes. Welding in the World, Le Soudage Dans Le Monde 16, 238–248 (1978). Jenkins, N. T., Pierce, W. M. G. & Eagar, T. W. Particle size distribution of as metal and flux cored arc welding fumes. Welding Journal 84, 156–163 (2005). No large tropical reef-building corals were found in this study. Stony corals were found in very high densities but consisted of small individuals (<40 cm). Seventy-three percent of coral colonies were less than 10 cm long and 80% of these corals were less than 10 cm tall. There was a mean coral size in Sarasota County of 9.12 cm (± 0.32 SE) length, 7.83 cm (± 0.85 SE) width, and 7.98 cm (± 1.16 SE) height. The mean coral size in Pinellas County was 5.42 cm (± 0.14 SE) length, 3.92 cm (± 0.14 SE) width, and 3.75 cm (± 0.16 SE) height. The mean coral size in Pasco County was 7.95 cm (± 0.51 SE) length, 6.54 cm (± 0.47 SE) width, and 5.93 cm (± 0.35 SE) height. The fire coral species Millepora complanata had the largest length, width, and height of the species surveyed (>30 cm) due to its encrusting nature. Zimmer, A. T., Baron, P. A. & Biswas, P. The influence of operating parameters on number-weighted aerosol size distribution generated from a gas metal arc welding process. Journal of Aerosol Science 33, 519–531, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(01)00189-6 (2002). The morphology and quantitative chemical analysis of WF were studied on an electron-probe WDS-EDX combined microanalyzer JXA 8100 (JEOL, Japan) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer INCA X-Sight (Oxford Instruments, Great Britain). 3D-modelingZimmer, A. T. & Biswas, P. Characterization of the aerosols resulting from arc welding processes. Journal of Aerosol Science 32, 993–1008 (2001). Similar to Florida’s east coast, there are likely other benthic and reef fish ecoregions along the WFS. Coomans (1962) suggested that WFS faunal breaks occur based on annual surface isotherms of 25°. Previously proposed faunal boundaries of flatfishes include Apalachicola, Cedar Key, Anclote Key, Tampa Bay, Charlotte Harbor, Cape Romano, or Cape Sable ( Topp and Hoff, 1972). West Florida shelf flatfish distributions were arbitrarily separated at Tampa Bay because the transition between areas is gradual with some species occurring irregularly and seasonally ( Topp and Hoff, 1972). Hedgpeth (1954) and Briggs (1958) identified the southern WFS as one of the four major bottom communities of the Gulf called, “sponge grounds.” Fifty-three scleractinian species have been found in this area ( Phillips et al., 1990), however, apart from the very southern extent, conditions on the WFS are unfavorable for coral reef development ( Jaap, 2015). Most of the West Florida shelf supports low diversity of mostly warm-temperate ahermatypic eurytopic taxa ( Jaap, 1984, 2015; Phillips et al., 1990; Lirman, 2013). There is a loss in species richness and major differences in stony coral demographics from southern to northern latitudes ( Jaap, 2015; this study). Ten stony coral species were documented in this study with four dominant species that are tolerant of cold-water temperatures: Siderastrea spp., O. robusta, Cl. arbuscula, and So. hyades ( Jaap, 1984; Phillips et al., 1990; Lirman, 2013). Habitat distribution differed between the north and south study areas ( Table 1). The northern study area contained 72.9% (215.77 km 2) of the total pavement, 100% (20.13 km 2) of continuous and discontinuous seagrass, and 37.3% (188.56 km 2) of sand-cyanobacteria ( Figure 2). The southern study area contained 27.1% (80.12 km 2) of the pavement, 100% (4.56 km 2) of the Ca. prolifera, and 62.7% (316.95 km 2) of the sand-cyanobacteria ( Figure 3). Princess Anemone is the second oldest currently living daughter of Queen Coral. She is very attached to Anemone, as she lost several daughters before Anemone hatched. Orca's enchanted statue was killing off her daughters, so she slept next to Anemone's egg in the Royal SeaWing Hatchery for a year. After she hatched, Queen Coral attached a harness to Anemone to ensure that she does not get lost or hurt.

Christensen, S. W., Bonde, J. P. & Omland, Ø. A prospective study of decline in lung function in relation to welding emissions. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology 3, https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-3-6 (2008). Queen Coral then told the two princesses what she did to have Anemone's egg hatch, how she had to leave the Kingdom to King Gill and why he was lost to the war. But then, Tsunami suddenly realized that the cave her friends were in might be flooded from the rain. She goes off with the egg in a harness and Queen Coral was not seen again until after Tsunami freed her friends and goes to sleep in a high, dry cave with them and Sunny protecting the egg. Then they realized that Blister was there, and Blister told Queen Coral where the dragonets were. At breakfast, Tsunami loudly told Queen Coral how her friends were treated, and Queen Coral seemed surprised, but also seemed to secretly be grinding her teeth as well. She sent Lagoon and Shark to the dungeons temporarily as punishment. Later at breakfast, she told Blister about finding Kestrel's body (although she still does not know who the SkyWing was) and Sunny recognized the description as Kestrel, blurting "That sounds like Kestrel!" and forcing Tsunami to uncover what she knew. Coral asked Tsunami why she did not tell her, and Blister "covered" for her, presumably to gain Tsunami and the rest of the dragonets' trust. Lighty, J. S., Veranth, J. M. & Sarofim, A. F. Combustion aerosols: Factors governing their size and composition and implications to human health. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 50, 1565–1618, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2000.10464197 (2000). West Florida shelf benthic communities tolerate many local stressors that affect the distribution of marine species at various spatial and temporal scales and make corals more susceptible to paling, bleaching, and disease ( Dupont and Coy, 2008; Anderson, 2009; Asis et al., 2017). A few of the common stressors are water temperature, hurricane and storm surges, river discharge, and harmful algal blooms (HABs).Blister was often seen playing with Coral's emotions and manipulating her decisions. Blister led Queen Coral to let her waste away Anemone's soul daily by allowing excessive animus magic use. At the end of the The Lost Heir, Blister coerced Queen Coral into imprisoning Tsunami. It is not known if Coral regretted these decisions, though it can be inferred that she did. She seemed relieved when Thorn was chosen to be queen, hinting that she may not have really liked Blister nor wanted her to be Queen. It is unknown why she formed an alliance with Blister in the first place. Overall, it is shown that Queen Coral loves Tsunami, and cares for her very much, to the point that she will be extremely overprotective. Upon first meeting Tsunami, Coral cuddled her close and was gentle towards her. [4] Coral loves her, [39] and kept patting her, as if to make sure she was real, after Tsunami returned to the Kingdom of the Sea. [40] However, Coral intentionally belittled Tsunami during a Council meeting. [41] Turtle [ ]

Queen Coral said that Whirlpool was a wonderful teacher and that he would be a perfect king, although Anemone and Tsunami had different opinions. Whirlpool muttered that she could re-marry (most likely he meant that she could re-marry himself), after Moray stated that "no Gill means no more eggs" upon the news of Gill's death. Queen Coral was very proud of him for making the ink for her scrolls. County differences in percent cover were most pronounced in Hardbottom with sand veneer, Brown Algae, and So. hyades. Mean Hardbottom with a sand veneer cover was significantly higher (ANOVA, p = 0.03) in Pasco County (45.77% ± 6.22 SE) than Sarasota County (20.65% ± 9.67 SE). Brown algae cover was significantly higher (ANOVA, p = 0.003) in Pasco (11.03% ± 2.35 SE) and Pinellas (10.88% ± 10.65 SE) than in Sarasota County (2.25% ± 0.62 SE). So. hyades cover was significantly lower (ANOVA, p = 0.005) in Pasco County (0.08% ± 0.04 SE) than Sarasota County (1.13% ± 0.30 SE). Discussion Jenkins, N. T. & Eager, T. W. Fume formation from spatter oxidation during arc welding. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 10, 537–543, https://doi.org/10.1179/174329305X48310 (2005). Most of the recorded gorgonians were greater than 10 cm (84.6%). Sarasota had significantly higher (ANOVA, p = 0.014) density of gorgonians greater than 10 cm (10.06 ± 4.1 SE m –2) than Pinellas County (0.13 ± 0.05 SE m –2) and higher densities of gorgonians less than 10 cm (2.07 ± 0.05 SE m –2) than Pinellas (ANOVA, p = 0.004). Coral was mentioned by Snowfall as one of the queens who were trying to extend relationships with Snowfall's dragons. During Snowfall's conversation with Sky, Snowfall thought about how Coral had served sea snails during Snowfall's visit. Coral appeared late at the meeting of queens and agreed that her daughter Tsunami should be the SeaWing representative to Pantala.Racette, B. A. et al. Welding-related parkinsonism: Clinical-features, treatment, and pathophysiology. Neurology 56, 8–13 (2001). This project was paid for with federal funding from the Department of the Treasury under the Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012 (RESTORE Act) Subagreement No. FLRACEP 4710-1126-00-J. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Conflict of Interest Percent cover was estimated from the transect photographs using Coral Point Count with excel extensions (CPCe) software ( Kohler and Gill, 2006). Twenty randomly placed points were assigned on each image where the substrate and organisms were identified to functional groups using a specially designed source code with known shallow WFS species. Algae were identified to their most general taxonomic level (i.e., Red algae, Brown Algae, and Green Algae), and corals were identified to their lowest taxonomic level (i.e., family and species). Berlinger, B., Ellingsen, D. G., Náray, M., Záray, G. & Thomassen, Y. A study of the bio-accessibility of welding fumes. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 10, 1448–1453, https://doi.org/10.1039/b806631k (2008).

In the prologue, Nautilus's train of thought about what the dragonets did when they escaped included turning "Queen Coral against her allies." Later, Glory thought about how she would rather have no mother than one like Queen Coral, "even if she came with pearls." Oberdörster, G. et al. Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain. Inhalation Toxicology 16, 437–445, https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370490439597 (2004). Turtle mentioned Coral in his letter to Starflight, and was also mentioned by Fin in his letter to Turtle, stating that she promised to come to their hatching party and read her next book to them. She was also mentioned in Anemone's letter to Tamarin. Li, G. J. et al. Occupational exposure to welding fume among welders: alterations of Manganese, Iron, Zinc, Copper, and lead in body fluids and the oxidative stress status. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 46, 241–248 (2004).BW, SK, and RB contributed conception and design of the study. BW and SK organized the database. CA created the map. CA, SE, and BW performed the statistical analysis. SE and BW wrote the first draft of the manuscript and sections of the manuscript. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read, and approved the submitted version. Funding