The 8b/10b encoding scheme uses 10 bits of bandwidth to send 8 bits of data, so only 80% of the bandwidth is available for data throughput. The extra 2 bits are used for DC balancing (ensuring a roughly equal number of 1s and 0s). They consume bandwidth, but do not represent any data. The tables below describe the refresh frequencies that can be achieved with each transmission mode. In general, maximum refresh frequency is determined by the transmission mode (RBR, HBR, HBR2, HBR3, UHBR 10, UHBR 13.5, or UHBR 20). These transmission modes were introduced to the DisplayPort standard as follows: For the particularly technical of you we provide a bit more information about the encoding scheme which explains why there is a difference between the total bandwidth figures you see listed, and the available data rate. There have been some decent improvements in the encoding to allow DP 2.1 to make practical use of more of the bandwidth.

pins for the auxiliary channel – the auxiliary channel uses another 3-pin shielded twisted pair (pins 15–17) All DisplayPort cables are compatible with all DisplayPort devices, regardless of the version of each device or the cable certification level. [42] Mini DisplayPort (mDP) is a standard announced by Apple in the fourth quarter of 2008. Shortly after announcing Mini DisplayPort, Apple announced that it would license the connector technology with no fee. The following year, in early 2009, VESA announced that Mini DisplayPort would be included in the upcoming DisplayPort 1.2 specification. The first version, 1.0, was approved by VESA on 3 May 2006. [6] Version 1.1 was ratified on 2 April 2007, [7] and version 1.1a was ratified on 11 January 2008. [8] pins for the main link – the main link consists of four shielded twisted pairs. Each pair requires 3 pins; one for each of the two wires, and a third for the shield. [8] :§4.1.2, p183 (pins 1–12)

We explain the difference between every display connection available and help you decide which is best for you

The following quotes were from earlier in 2022 before the DP 2.1 update was announced on 17 Oct 2022 That sounds a bit confusing, so let’s use the Capshi cable’s stats to explain: 8K@60Hz, 4K@144Hz, 1080P@240Hz. At a refresh rate of 60Hz (60 frames per second), you can get an 8K resolution, while at a refresh rate of 240Hz you can only get 1080P. VESA certified DP80 cables must support up to the UHBR20 link rate (20 Gbps) defined by DisplayPort 2.1, with four lanes, providing a maximum throughput of 80 Gbps. VESA certified DP80 cables will also support the UHBR13.5 link rate (13.5 Gbps), which is also defined by DisplayPort 2.1. Audio data is transmitted across the main link during the video blanking intervals (short pauses between each line and frame of video data). [8] :§2.2.5.3 Auxiliary channel [ edit ]

There is a new DisplayPort standard in the works too – DisplayPort 2.0– but aside from that, DisplayPort 1.4 is the best you can get. While it might be a standard that's several years old, it still has one of the best features and spec lists you'll find among any connectors. Only the supremely modern alternatives can stand up to it and even hope to compete. I bought a 4K Lenovo monitor L28u-35. It's a 60hz monitor. It has both the Display Port 1.4 and HDMI 2.0. VESA also tell us that “there are other, more subtle updates (e.g., data structure clarification/addition, metadata definition extension) with each new standard version that improve the interoperability as well as the visual quality even at lower than the maximum link rate. That is why there is an obvious merit for a product to be certified to the latest version of DisplayPort standard, irrespective of its maximum link rate.” A newer 1.3 and 1.4 version, that both have a maximum data rate of 25.92 Gbits/sec, are both becoming more widely available. With the increased bandwidth capabilities, it opens up the floodgates to higher resolutions such as 7,680 x 4,320 (8K). VESA make the point that there is no need for manufacturers to have a higher price point because of the additional silicon needed to support UHBR, if the device simply does not need that. That’s true, but we believe that DP 2.1 is so clearly positioned as offering new UHBR speeds everywhere you look, making this optional could (and will) lead to confusion. In our opinion, UHBR should be a requirement, and manufacturers should have to list the UHBR speed alongside the DP 2.1 branding. Other DisplayPort 2.1 Features

How is DisplayPort different from HDMI

Total bandwidth (the number of binary digits transmitted per second) is equal to the bandwidth per lane of the highest supported transmission mode multiplied by the number of lanes. HDR extensions were defined in version 1.4 of the DisplayPort standard. Some displays support these HDR extensions, but may only implement HBR2 transmission mode if the extra bandwidth of HBR3 is unnecessary (for example, on 4K 60 Hz HDR displays). Since there is no definition of what constitutes a "DisplayPort 1.4" device, some manufacturers may choose to label these as "DP 1.2" devices despite their support for DP 1.4 HDR extensions. [52] As a result, DisplayPort "version numbers" should not be used as an indicator of HDR support. In addition, individual devices may have their own arbitrary limitations beyond transmission speed. For example, NVIDIA Kepler GK104 GPUs (such as the GeForce GTX 680 and 770) support "DisplayPort 1.2" with the HBR2 transmission mode, but are limited to 540 Mpx/s, only 3⁄ 4 of the maximum possible with HBR2. [49] Consequently, certain devices may have limitations that differ from those listed in the following tables. Improved user experience with augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR) displays, including support for 4K-and-beyond VR resolutions.

Daisy-chaining is a feature that must be specifically supported by each intermediary display; not all DisplayPort 1.2 devices support it. Daisy-chaining requires a dedicated DisplayPort output port on the display. Standard DisplayPort input ports found on most displays cannot be used as a daisy-chain output. Only the last display in the daisy-chain does not need to support the feature specifically or have a DP output port. DisplayPort 1.1 displays can also be connected to MST hubs, and can be part of a DisplayPort daisy-chain if it is the last display in the chain. [37] :§2.5.1 Products incorporating DisplayPort 2.0 are not projected by VESA to appear on the market until later in 2021. [27] [28] If you want to combine the graphics outputs of your motherboard and your dedicated graphics card, this can be possible with certain Intel processors. This uses a “hybrid multi-monitor” mode but will be dependent on the chipset and possibly the motherboard used. You might also need to upgrade the BIOS to get it working. Intel lists the following chipsets as compatible in this hybrid mode: Hybrid multi-monitor support is officially supported with Intel Embedded Graphics Drivers for systems using the Intel Q45/G41/G45 and GM45/GL40/GS45 chipsets, or later. How to get 144Hz: Which cable is needed for 144Hz?

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Thankfully unlike the mess that the HDMI forum created with HDMI 2.1 where everything could end up being certified as “HDMI 2.1”, VESA will still be certifying devices under the older DisplayPort 1.4, and even DP 1.2, schemes where applicable or required. Not everything is going to be certified as DP 2.1, which would have left consumers to try and figure out which features are really included. If a device only has DP 1.2 or DP 1.4 capabilities, and perhaps only needs those capabilities to support it, then those schemes will continue to be available and certified against. This is definitely good news we think, as it means that when you see DP 2.1 listed, you know it should include that specific newer connection, and will support at least some of the features and capabilities associated with this new generation. However, as you read on, you will see it’s unfortunately not as simple as it perhaps should be… The transmission mode used by the DisplayPort main link is negotiated by the source and sink device when a connection is made, through a process called Link Training. This process determines the maximum possible speed of the connection. If the quality of the DisplayPort cable is insufficient to reliably handle HBR2 speeds for example, the DisplayPort devices will detect this and switch down to a lower mode to maintain a stable connection. [8] :§2.1.1 The link can be re-negotiated at any time if a loss of synchronization is detected. [8] :§1.7.3