Alvarenga, Herculano M. F. & Höfling, Elizabeth (2003). "Systematic revision of the Phorusrhacidae (Aves: Ralliformes)". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 43 (4): 55–91. doi: 10.1590/S0031-10492003000400001. Larco Herrera, Rafael and Berrin, Kathleen (1997) The Spirit of Ancient Peru Thames and Hudson, New York, ISBN 0-500-01802-2.

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In Mongolia, the owl is regarded as a benign omen. In one story, Genghis Khan was hiding from enemies in a small coppice when an owl roosted in the tree above him, which caused his pursuers to think no man could be hidden there. [53] a b Marti, C. D. (1974). "Feeding Ecology of Four Sympatric Owls" (PDF). The Condor. 76 (1): 45–61. doi: 10.2307/1365983. JSTOR 1365983. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Ian Hayward (27 July 2007). "Ask an expert: Are barn owl feathers waterproof?". RSPB . Retrieved 29 December 2015. For fossil species and paleosubspecies of extant taxa, see the genus and species articles. For a full list of extant and recently extinct owls, see the article List of owl species. The beak of the owl is short, curved, and downward-facing, and typically hooked at the tip for gripping and tearing its prey. Once prey is captured, the scissor motion of the top and lower bill is used to tear the tissue and kill. The sharp lower edge of the upper bill works in coordination with the sharp upper edge of the lower bill to deliver this motion. The downward-facing beak allows the owl's field of vision to be clear, as well as directing sound into the ears without deflecting sound waves away from the face. [33] Camouflage The snowy owl has effective snow camouflage

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Cholewiak, Danielle (2003). "Strigiformes". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology . Retrieved 31 December 2022. Braun, E.L. & Kimball, R.T. (2021) Data types and the phylogeny of Neoaves. Birds, 2(1), 1-22; https://doi.org/10.3390/birds2010001 Some 220 to 225 extant species of owls are known, subdivided into two families: 1. true owls or typical owls family ( Strigidae) and 2. barn-owls family ( Tytonidae). Some entirely extinct families have also been erected based on fossil remains; these differ much from modern owls in being less specialized or specialized in a very different way (such as the terrestrial Sophiornithidae). The Paleocene genera Berruornis and Ogygoptynx show that owls were already present as a distinct lineage some 60–57 million years ago (Mya), hence, possibly also some 5 million years earlier, at the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs. This makes them one of the oldest known groups of non- Galloanserae landbirds. The supposed " Cretaceous owls" Bradycneme and Heptasteornis are apparently non- avialan maniraptors. [41] Wildlife Trade News – Huge haul of dead owls and live lizards in Peninsular Malaysia". TRAFFIC. 12 November 2008.

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Einoder, Luke D. & Alastair M. M. Richardson (2007). "Aspects of the Hindlimb Morphology of Some Australian Birds of Prey: A Comparative and Quantitative Study". The Auk. 124 (3): 773–788. doi: 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[773:AOTHMO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86011581. Prum, R.O. et al. (2015) A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature 526, 569–573. Mayr, Gerald (2005). " "Old World phorusrhacids" (Aves, Phorusrhacidae): a new look at Strigogyps (" Aenigmavis") sapea (Peters 1987)". PaleoBios. 25 (1): 11–16. Juvonen, Arto; Muukkonen, Tomi; Peltomäki, Jari; Varesvuo, Markku (2009). Linnut vauhdissa (in Finnish). Tammi. pp.178, 187. ISBN 978-951-31-4604-7.Shamim1410 (22 April 2020). "Owl Bird Traits, Adaptations and Surprising Facts". Bird Baron . Retrieved 4 February 2022. T. F. Thiselton-Dyer, in his 1883 Folk-lore of Shakespeare, says that "from the earliest period it has been considered a bird of ill-omen," and Pliny tells us how, on one occasion, even Rome itself underwent a lustration, because one of them strayed into the Capitol. He represents it also as a funereal bird, a monster of the night, the very abomination of humankind. Virgil describes its death howl from the top of the temple by night, a circumstance introduced as a precursor of Dido's death. Ovid, too, constantly speaks of this bird's presence as an evil omen; and indeed the same notions respecting it may be found among the writings of most of the ancient poets." [61] A list of "omens drear" in John Keats' Hyperion includes the "gloom-bird's hated screech." [62] Pliny the Elder reports that owls' eggs were commonly used as a hangover cure. [63] In Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian culture, the owl was associated with Lilith. [57] This association also occurs in the Bible (in some translations) in Isaiah 34:14. [58] Ancient European and modern Western culture Cuando el tecolote canta, el indio muere". La Cronica. 27 July 2008. Archived from the original on 3 September 2010. {{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link)